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Rugae en Francais. Rugae in the Marketplace. Patents on Rugae. List of terms related to Rugae. The next layer that covers the mucosa is the submucosa. It is made up of connective tissue that contains larger blood and lymph vessels, nerve cells and fibres. The muscularis propria or muscularis externa is the next layer that covers the submucosa. It is the main muscle of the stomach and is made up of 3 layers of muscle.
The serosa is the fibrous membrane that covers the outside of the stomach. The serosa of the stomach is also called the visceral peritoneum.
The stomach has 3 main functions: temporary storage for food, which passes from the esophagus to the stomach where it is held for 2 hours or longer mixing and breakdown of food by contraction and relaxation of the muscle layers in the stomach digestion of food. The mucosa contains specialized cells and glands that produce hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes to help digest food. The mucosa in the cardiac and pyloric regions of the stomach release mucus that helps protect the lining of the stomach from the acid produced for digestion.
Other specialized cells in the mucosa of the pylorus release the hormone gastrin into the blood. Gastrin helps to stimulate the release of acid and enzymes from the mucosa. Gastrin also helps the muscles of the stomach to start contracting. Contraction of this muscle expels urine from the bladder.
On the superior surface, the outer layer of the bladder wall is parietal peritoneum. In all other regions, the outer layer is fibrous connective tissue. There is a triangular area, called the trigone , formed by three openings in the floor of the urinary bladder. Two of the openings are from the ureters and form the base of the trigone.
Small flaps of mucosa cover these openings and act as valves that allow urine to enter the bladder but prevent it from backing up from the bladder into the ureters.
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